Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disorder caused by the destruction of the pancreatic beta cells which produce insulin. People with type 1 diabetes usually require at least 3-5 years to develop microvascular complications in comparison to those with type 2 diabetes, who may develop such complications even before the diagnosis of diabetes due to its insidious onset and the delay in diagnosis. We discuss a patient who initially presented with proliferative d...

Background and objectivesAround 50% of the population is affected with vitamin D insufficiency worldwide. The increasing prevalence is attributed to change in lifestyle, reduced exposure to sunlight and other environment factors. Vitamin D has multiple actions in the body including calcium homeostasis and has impact on several biologic processes with several clinical implications including obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome, cancer, cardi...

Key words- Cushing’ Disease, Aortic DissectionBackground: Cushing’s syndrome is a rare endocrine disorder. It is frequently presented with obesity, type 2 diabetes, or hypertension with an increased cardiovascular risk. The association of Cushing’s syndrome with aortic dissection is rare. We report a young man who presented with hypertensive emergency and aortic dissection. He was later found to have Cushing’s disease...

Background: Haematological side effects of Carbimazole including aplastic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and agranulocytosis are widely reported, but haemolytic anaemia is a rare occurrence. In such situations, the management options available for treating overactive thyroid disease will be limited, especially in frail elderly individuals. We report a case of Carbimazole induced haemolytic anaemia successfully treated with steroids and omitting the medication.<...

Background: Amiodarone induced thyroid dysfunction can be either thyrotoxicosis (AIT) or hypothyroidism (AIH). AIT is classified as Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 occurs in patients with underlying thyroid pathology and Type 2 AIT is a destructive thyroiditis. We describe a patient with severe Type 2 AIT with a protracted course.>Case History: A 40 year old male with Atrial Fibrillation, Obesity and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea h...

Background and Objectives: The low vitamin D status in an individual leads to a compensatory increase in serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level giving rise to secondary hyperparathyroidism. The elevated PTH will conserve calcium excretion from the kidneys in the expense of excreting phosphate. Thus, serum calcium levels tend to remain normal until the latter stages of vitamin D deficiency. PTH action on the bone to reabsorb more calcium from the bone lead to elevation of bone a...

Background and Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common female reproductive endocrine disorder with a prevalence of 15-20%. Although a majority of patients diagnosed with PCOS are overweight/obese, minority can present with normal body mass index of ≤25 kg/M2 which complicate the effective diagnosis and management. We have studied the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of lean PCOS patients in comparison to obese PCOS patients atten...

Background and Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder with heterogeneous eatiology. It is characterized by irregular menses and or oligo/anovulation, hyper-androgenism, and polycystic ovaries. The prevalence and diagnosis of PCOS changes depending on which clinical criteria are utilized to confirm the diagnosis. The prevalence can be high as 15%–20% when the Rotterdam criteria are used. However, there is significant inter-individual va...

Background and Objectives: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the presence of hepatic steatosis in the absence of other causes for secondary hepatic fat accumulation. The incidence and the prevalence of the NAFLD has risen exponentially in the recent past especially in the patients with diabetes. We have studied the prevalence of NAFLD in patients with diabetes attending the diabetes clinic based on the biochemical and ultrasonic criteria, the risk factors for diseas...

Background and Objectives: The prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes has risen exponentially in the recent past. Though the symptomatic patients frequently undergo testing for the diagnosis of the disease, asymptomatic individuals are not routinely subjected to diagnostic testing. Thus, data on asymptomatic people are still lacking. We have studied the prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes in asymptomatic subjects attending the Endocrinology clinic in a tertiary care insti...